Understanding the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)
The UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is a digital travel permission required for certain non-visa nationals visiting the UK for short-term stays.
It is part of the UK’s plan to fully digitise its borders by 2025, enhancing security and streamlining travel.
This article aims to provide a thorough understanding of the UK ETA, including who needs to apply, the process to submit the application, timelines, and common issues.
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You can book an appointment if you have questions about applying for an ETA or your application has been refused.
What is the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA), and who needs to apply?
What does the ETA scheme entail?
The UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme is a digital system that allows people to obtain permission to travel to the UK. This innovative approach simplifies obtaining permission to travel, as it can be completed online through the official UK ETA app.
The primary goal of the ETA scheme is to enhance border security and enable UK immigration to assess travellers better before they arrive at the UK border.
The ETA acts as a pre-travel screening tool, ensuring that those who wish to travel to the UK meet certain eligibility criteria and pose no risk to public safety.
Do I need an ETA for when I will travel to the UK?
According to the Immigration Rules Appendix ETA National List, the following nationalities will require an ETA:
| ETA Requirement Date | Countries |
| 15/11/2023 | Qatar |
| 22/02/2024 | Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia |
| 08/01/2025 | Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Japan, Kiribati, Macao SAR, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Taiwan*, The Bahamas, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, United States, Uruguay *Taiwan: Passport must include the number of the identification card issued by the competent authority in Taiwan. |
| 02/04/2025 | Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Vatican City |
Who qualifies for the UK electronic travel authorisation?
The UK electronic travel authorisation is available to various categories of travellers to the UK. Specifically, as listed above, non-visa nationals who are visiting the UK for tourism, business, or short-term education purposes, entering on a Creative Worker Visa concession, or transiting through the UK will require an ETA.
However, it is essential to note that the ETA does not substitute for a visa where a visa is required. Hence, individuals planning to stay in the UK for more extended periods or those who intend to work or study long-term will still need to obtain a relevant visa to the UK.
The eligibility requirements ensure that only those who meet specific criteria are granted permission to travel to the UK.
If you want to get married or have a civil partnership in the UK, you must apply for a relevant visit visa, not an ETA.
Who does not need an electronic travel authorisation to the UK?
If you are a:
- British Citizen,
- British Overseas Territory Citizen passport holder,
- an Irish Citizen (there are some exclusions),
- a person who is exempt from immigration holder, or
- those that have an eVisa, i.e. already have permission to be in the UK.
How do I apply for an electronic travel authorisation (ETA)?
What is the procedure to apply for an ETA?
The application for an ETA is straightforward and user-friendly. Travellers can apply for electronic travel authorisation online or through the official UK ETA app.
The application typically involves filling out personal details, including your name, date of birth, nationality, facial image, and security questions.
Once the application is submitted, the processing time is usually swift (usually within three working days), and applicants will receive email notification of their ETA status.
How far in advance should I apply for an ETA?
The official guidance emphasises that while most applications are processed within three working days, some may take slightly longer if further checks are required. Therefore, early application is strongly recommended to avoid last-minute travel complications.
What happens if I do not apply for an ETA before my trip?
If you do not apply for an ETA before your trip when one is required, you may face serious consequences:
- You may likely be denied boarding by your airline or transport carrier.
- You can be refused entry if you somehow reach the UK border without an ETA.
What are the common issues faced during the ETA application process?
Common issues faced during the ETA application process include:
- Criminal history: Applications may be refused if you have been convicted of a criminal offence.
- Previous immigration violations: Overstaying a visa, breaching visa conditions, or illegal entry into the UK can lead to refusal.
- Providing false information: Submitting incorrect details, false documents, or omitting relevant facts in the current or previous applications can result in refusal.
- Security concerns: If your presence is deemed not conducive to the public good due to conduct, character, or associations.
- Unpaid litigation costs: Owing unpaid litigation costs to the Home Office can lead to refusal.
- Previous visa refusals: Having a previous visitor visa application refused (without subsequent approval) can result in ETA refusal.
- NHS debt: Failing to pay NHS charges of £500 or more can lead to refusal.
- Deception in previous applications: Using deception in a previous immigration application, even if not detected at the time, can result in refusal.
- Non-disclosure of relevant facts: Failing to disclose vital information can lead to refusal.
- Processing delays: While most applications are processed within three working days, some may take longer if additional checks are required.
If My ETA Is Refused, Can I Challenge It?
If your ETA is refused, you may need to apply for a visa if you still wish to travel to the UK. There is no right to appeal against the refusal of an ETA.
For expert guidance on UK travel requirements, including ETA applications and visa alternatives, contact WH Solicitors. Our experienced immigration team can provide personalised advice to ensure your UK travel plans proceed smoothly.
FAQ
How long is an ETA valid for?
An ETA is valid for two years, or until your passport expires, whichever comes first.
Can I apply for an ETA on the day of travel?
It is not recommended. You should apply at least a few days before your planned journey.
Do children need an ETA?
Yes, non-visa national children of any age must have their own ETA before travelling to the UK.
Is an ETA required for transit through the UK?
Yes, even if you are not going through UK border control, you will need an ETA for transit.
Can I work in the UK with an ETA?
An ETA does not allow you to work in the UK except for specific permitted paid engagements or under the Creative Worker visa concession.
How much does an ETA cost?
£10 per person.
Can I apply for an ETA if I have a criminal record?
An ETA must be refused if you have been convicted of a criminal offence resulting in a custodial sentence of 12 months or more or any conviction within the last 12 months.
Do I need to provide my travel details when applying for an ETA?
You do not need to enter your travel details when applying for an ETA.
How will airlines know if I have an approved ETA?
Airlines and UK Border Force officials should be automatically notified when someone has an approved ETA.
Can I use a copy of my passport when applying for an ETA?
No, the original passport must be scanned using the UK ETA app. Copies are not accepted.
What happens if I change my passport after getting an ETA?
If you change your passport, you will need to apply for a new ETA, as it is linked to the passport used in the application.
Is there a grace period for travelling without an ETA after the implementation dates?
While there may be an informal implementation period, it is strongly advised not to rely on this and to obtain an ETA before travelling.
Will British citizens who have recently naturalised but do not have their British passport yet need an ETA?
This situation is currently unclear. It is recommended that you obtain your British passport before travelling to avoid potential issues.
How does the UK ETA differ from the EU’s planned European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) system?
The UK ETA is specific to travel to the UK, while ETIAS will be for travel to EU/EEA countries. ETIAS is expected to start in mid-2025.
How will the ETA affect last-minute travel to the UK?
Last-minute travel will be more difficult for non-visa nationals without an ETA and needing to travel urgently. It is best to apply as soon as possible.
The contents of this webpage are provided for informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal advice. All information is correct as of the publication date, and any individual or organisation should be careful to seek qualified advice from a specialist immigration lawyer before acting on any of the topics referenced by this content.